The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.